Screening Effects on Risk Estimates of Socio-demographic Factors on Cervical Cancer in Rural India

Cervical cancer is the leading cancer among Indian women with the estimated age standardized incidence and mortality rates around 2008 of 27 and 15 per 100,000 woman years, respectively (Ferlay et al., 2012). The age standardized cervical cancer incidence rates range from 9-40 per 100,000 woman years in various regions of India (Sankaranarayanan et al., 2008). Persistent infection with specific high-risk types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is the central and necessary cause of almost all cervical cancers and their precursors, cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN). The long time frame between initial infection and evident disease indicates that other